Evaluation of Electromagnetic Interferences Affecting Metallic Pipelines

This chapter presents some analysis of the modeling techniques used to evaluate the effects of electromagnetic interference phenomena that could occur when metallic pipelines are placed close to high-voltage power lines. The electric and magnetic fields produced by overhead power lines could perturb the normal operation of the metallic pipelines through induced currents and voltages. These perturbations could be dangerous for both pipeline operating personnel (as electrical hazard) and pipeline structural integrity (due to accelerated electrochemical corrosion phenomena). The chapter depicts the electromagnetic coupling mechanisms behind the abovementioned interference phenomena and how the induced voltages could be evaluated. A parametric analysis is showcased to highlight the influence of various geometrical and electrical parameters

INDUCTIVE COUPLING BETWEEN OVERHEAD POWER LINES AND NEARBY METALLIC PIPELINES. A NEURAL NETWORK APPROACH

The current paper presents an artificial intelligence based technique applied in the investigation of electromagnetic interference problems between high voltage power lines (HVPL) and nearby underground metallic pipelines (MP). An artificial neural network (NN) solution has been implemented by the authors to evaluate the inductive coupling between HVPL and MP for different constructive geometries of an electromagnetic interference problem considering a multi-layer soil structure. Obtained results are compared to solutions provided by a finite element method (FEM) based analysis and considered as reference. The advantage of the proposed method yields in a simplified computation model compared to FEM, and implicitly a lower computational time

NUMERICAL EVALUATION OF SELF AND MUTUAL EARTH RETURN IMPEDANCES

The paper presents an evaluation of analytical self and mutual impedances formulas of lines with earth return, taking into account the ground correction terms. The determined formulas contain semi-infinite integral terms which are calculated by a novel stable and efficient numerical integration scheme in order to overcome the involved oscillation problems. It might seek approximations of the semi-infinite integrals by replacing an exponential or algebraic function, the objective being to permit analytic integration. Since there is no good systematic method for making these replacements, their success depends directly on the intuition and ingenuity, taking into account that in practice the integrand has limited accuracy

Investigating the effect of several model configurations on the transient response of gas-insulated substation during fault events using an electromagnetic field theory approach

Assessment of very fast transient overvoltage (VFTO) requires good knowledge of the behavior of gas-insulated substation when subjected to very high frequencies. The international standards and guidelines generically present only recommendations regarding the VFTO suppression without a technical and mathematical background. Therefore, to provide an accurate image regarding the critical locations across a gas-insulated substation (GIS) from a transient response point of view, a suitable modeling technique has to be identified and developed for the substation. The paper aimed to provide an accurate assessment of the GIS holistic transient response through an electromagnetic field theory (EMF) approach. This modeling technique has always been a difficult task when it came to gas-insulated substations. However, recent studies have shown that through suitable Computer-aided design models, representing the GIS metallic ensemble, accurate results can be obtained. The paper investigated several simplifications of the computational domain considering different gas-insulated substation configurations in order to identify a suitable modeling approach without any unnecessary computational effort. The analysis was performed by adopting the partial equivalent element circuit (PEEC) approach embedded into XGSLab software package. Obtained results could provide useful hints for grounding grid designers regarding the proper development and implementation of transient ground potential rise (TGPR) mitigation techniques across a gas-insulated substation

Prediction of Operating Characteristics of Electrotechnical Devices using Artificial Neural Networks

The paper purpose is to emphasize the possibilities and the advantages to use the artificial intelligence techniques for operating mode prediction of electrotechnical devices. The considered application consists of the analysis of behavior of an inductive proximity sensor at variation of design parameters

Mitigation of transient ground potential rise in gas insulated substations during very fast transient overvoltage

This paper is focused on the assessment and mitigation of the transient response of a Gas Insulated Substation's (GIS) grounding grid to the fault due to voltage breakdown using the Partial Element Equivalent Circuit (PEEC) numerical approach. The adopted analysis methodology considers the magnetic induction by quantifying the electromagnetic couplings generated within the metallic components contained by the GIS configuration. The Transient Ground Potential Rise (TGPR) and transient current are computed and analyzed at several locations inside of GIS housing. With the aid of 3D graphical representation, the maximum amplitudes of the TGPR across the substation are illustrated. The mitigation efforts are considerably optimized by assuming the grounding grid sub-system is responsible for high frequency fault energy clearance based on identification method. By adopting several simplifications of the earthing system during the computational process, from a step-by-step analysis, it has been discovered that the grid located beneath the GIS enclosure will mostly attenuate the TGPR across the GIS building. Based on the aforementioned findings a successful mitigation technique is implemented

Lightning return stroke current reconstruction or vertical and variable channel shape

First a new mathematical approach is presented to evaluate the electric and magnetic field of the lightning, via engineering model with variable shape return stroke channel; next, an inverse procedure is exposed for the reconstruction of both spatial and temporal waveforms of the lightning return stroke current, throughout a numerical field synthesis procedure, based on regularization of ill-posed problems. The approach uses as input data the acquisition of time domain recordings of electric and/or magnetic field generated by the lightning current, at various locations on the ground and transforms these signals into harmonics, by Fourier decomposition. This combination, between the proposed solving procedures and harmonic filtering, yields numerical results that are in good agreement with the testing functions

The Influence of Cultural Factors on Choosing Low-Emission Passenger Cars

The decrease in greenhouse gas emissions by passenger cars is one of the key factors for climate protection measures. Besides EU strategies for low-emission mobility, policy makers must consider the behavioural factors of buyers. This study aims to cover this gap by investigating the relation between the national cultural dimensions (Hofstede model) and car adoption by fuel type in EU countries. This could help car sellers to find better solutions for advertising cars with medium and low greenhouse gas emissions. To find better ways to increase the usage of medium- and low-emission cars using targeted advertising, correlations and a multiple regression analysis were used. The results show that the consumer preference for one type of fuel is correlated with at least one of Hofstede’s six cultural dimensions: the power distance index; individualism versus collectivism; masculinity versus femininity; the uncertainty avoidance index; long-term orientation versus short-term normative orientation; indulgence versus restraint. The major conclusion of the study underlines that, with increases in the individualism versus collectivism and indulgence versus restraint scores, the usage of low- and medium-emission cars also increases, and with the increase in the power distance and uncertainty avoidance index, the usage of low- and medium emission cars decreases. At the same time, the driving preference for low- and medium-emission vehicles decreases with the tendency towards collectivism and restraint of EU countries.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe